Josef+Stalin

=Josef Stalin=

Early Life
Josef was born as Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili (this is how to write his name in Georian: იოსებ ბესარიონის ძე ჯუღაშვილი) on 18 December 1878 to Ketevan Geladze and Beserion Jughashvilli, in the town of Gori, Georgia. When he was seven, he contracted smallpox, which permanently scarred his face and kids wereb rudly teasing him by calling names like pocky.. At the age of ten, he began attending church school where the Georgian children were forced to speak Russian. at age of twelve, two horse-drawn carriage accidents left his left arm permanently damaged. At sixteen, he received a scholarship to a Georgian Orthodox seminary, where he was against the imperialist and religious order. Even though his grades were well there, he was expelled in 1899 for missing his final exams The official Soviet version states that he was expelled for reading illegal literature and forming a Social Democratic study circle. Shortly after leaving the seminary, Stalin discovered work of Vladimir Lenin and decided to become a Marxist revolutionary and joining Lenin's Bolsheviks in 1903. After being marked by the Okhranka, the Tsar's secret police, for his activities, he became a full-time revolutionary and outlaw. He became one of the Bolsheviks' ' chief operatives in Caucasus, organizing paramilitaries, inciting strikes, spreading propaganda and raising money through bank robberies, ransom kidnappings and extortion.  Summer of 1906, Stalin married Ekaterina Svandize, who later gave birth to Stalin's first child, Yakov. A year later she died of typhus in Baku.Stalin got captured and sent to Siberia seven times, but escaped most of these exiles. He eventually got the name "Stalin", from the Russian word for steel, which he used as an alias and pen name in his published works. On his last exile, Stalin was forced by the Russian army to fight in World War I, but was unfit for service because of his damaged left arm. Stalin is believed to have started using the name "K. Stalin" sometime in 1912 as a pen name.

Stalin was only five feet four inches high (160 cm), His mustached face was pock-marked from smallpox during childhood. After carriage accident in his young days, his left arm was shortened and stiffened at the elbow, while his right hand was thinner than his left and usually hidden. He could be charming and polite, mainly towards visiting statesmen. Stalin's son Yakov, who he had with his first wife Ekaterina Svanidze, shot himself because of Stalin's harshness toward him, but survived. After this, Stalin said "He can't even shoot straight".Yakov served in the Red Army during World War II and was captured by the Germans. They offered to exchange him but Stalin turned the offer down, stating "You have in your hands not only my son Yakov but millions of my sons. Either you free them all or my son will share their fate." Afterwards, Yakov is said to have committed suicide, running into an electric fence in Sachsenhausen concentration camp, where he was prisoned. Yakov had a son Yevgeny, who is recently noted for defending his grandfather's legacy in Russian courts. Yevgeny is married to a Georgian woman, has two sons, and grandchildren. Stalin had a son, Vasiliy, and a daughter, Svetlana, with his second wife Nadazhda Alliluyeva. She died in 1932, because of illness. She may have committed suicide by shooting herself after a quarrel with Stalin, leaving a suicide note which according to their daughter was personal. Vasiliy rose through the ranks of the Soviet air force, officially dying of alcoholism in 1962; however, this is still in question. Svetlana emigrated to the United States in 1967.
 * Personal Life and Looks**

Habits
Stalin enjoyed drinking, but he controled it. He would also often force those around him to join in.Stalin preferred Georigian wine or Russian Vodka but usually ate russian food Stalin was fan of American cowboy movies He would often sleep until evening.

= World War II, 1939–1945  =

After a failed try to sign an anti-German military alliance with France and Britain and talks with Germany about a political deal on 23 August 1939, the Soviet Union entered into a non agressive pact with Nazi Germany, negotiated by Soviet minister Vyacheslav Molotov and German minister Joachim von Ribbentrop. Officially a non-aggression treaty only, secret protocol, also reached on 23 August 1939, divided the whole of eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres The eastern part of Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and part of Romania were parts of the Soviet sphere with Lithuania added in a second secret protocol in September 1939. Stalin and Ribbentrop traded toasts on the night of the signing discussing past hostilities between the countries. **Objective** Stalin's Objective was to defeat Nazis and win second world war. He achived it by getting Allies to surrender nazis on april 30th. **Final Victory** In April 1945, Nazi Germany faced its last days with about 1.9 million German soldiers in the East fighting 6.4 million Red Army soldiers while 1 million German soldiers in the West battled 4 million Western Allied soldiers. On 30 April, Hitler and Eva Braun committed suicide, after which Soviet forces found their remains, which had been burned at Hitler's orders. German forces surrendered a couple days later. even the Soviets' possession of Hitler's remains, Stalin did not believe that his old nemesis was actually dead, a belief that remained for years after the war. Soviet military casualties totaled approximately 35 million (official figures 28.2 million) with approximately 14.7 million killed, missing or captured (official figures 11.285 million). The Soviet civilian death toll reached 20 million.One in four Soviets were killed or wounded. Some 1,710 towns and 70,000 villages were destroyed. Thereafter, Stalin was at times referred to as one of the most influential men in human history.
 * Pact with Hitler**

Stalin was seen as a great wartime leader who had led the Soviets to victory against the Nazis. An increasingly nationalistic views on Russian history and achievements became a feature of Soviet culture in the 1940s. In the end of May 1945, Stalin made a victory toast to the Soviet people, > I drink in the first place to the health of the Russian people because it is the most outstanding nation of all the nations forming the Soviet Union. > I propose a toast to the health of the Russian people because it has won in this war universal recognition as the leading force of the Soviet Union among all the peoples of our country. > I propose a toast to the health of the Russian people not only because it is the leading people, but also because it possesses a clear mind, a staunch character, and patience.**"** ||
 * Domestic Support**
 * < “ || > **"**I should like to propose a toast to the health of our Soviet people, and in the first place, the Russian people. (Loud and prolonged applause and shouts of 'Hurrah.')


 * Works of Stalin**
 * here are some works from Josef Stalin.**
 * "Anarchism or Socialism?," 1907
 * "Marxism and the National Question," 1913
 * "The Principles of Leninism," 1924
 * "Trotskyism or Leninism?," 1924
 * " [|Dialectical and Historical Materialism] ," 1938
 * "The Questions of Leninism," 1946
 * "Marxism and Problems of Linguistics," 1950
 * "Economic Problems of Socialism in the U.S.S.R.," 1952
 * //Works.// Volume 1–13: Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow, 1950s/"Volume 14": Red Star Press, London 1978


 * Death**

Stalin's health was bad towards the end of World War II. He suffered from atherosclerosis from his heavy smoking. He suffered a mild stroke in the time of the Victory parade, and a strong heart attack in October 1945. On the early morning of 1 March 1953, after an all-night dinner and a movie Stalin arrived at his residence some 15 km west of Moscow centre with interior minister Lavrentiy Beria and future premiers Georgy Malenkov, Nikilai Bulganin and Nikita Khrushchev where he went to his bedroom to sleep. At dawn, Stalin did not get out from his room, having suffered a stroke that paralyzed the right side of his body. Stalin's Grave Although his guards thought that it was odd for him not to rise at his usual time, they were on strict orders not to disturb him and left him alone the entire day. At around 10 p.m. he was discovered by Peter Lozgachev, the Deputy Commandant of Kuntsevo, who entered his bedroom to check up on him and recalled a horrifying scene of Stalin lying on the floor of his room wearing [|pyjama] bottoms and an undershirt with his clothes soaked in stale urine. A frightened Lozgachev asked Stalin what happened to him, but all he could get out of the unintelligible response that sounded like "Dzhh." Lozgachev called a few party officials asking them to send good doctors. Lavrentiy Beria was informed and arrived a few hours afterwards, and the doctors arrived in the early morning of 2 March in which they changed his bedclothes and tended to him. Stalin died four days later, on 5 March 1953, at the age of 74, and was embalmed on 9 March.The cause of death was listed as a cerebral homorrhage.

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